▪ I.raise,n.¹|reɪz|Also 5 reise, 6 rayse.[f.raise v.¹]†1.A levy. Obs.rare^—1.c1500Three Kings' Sons 91Than may ye make a newe reise, bothe of people & tresour.†2.The act of raising; uplifting, elevation. Obs.1538BaleGod's Promises iii. inHazl.Dodsley I. 301The sure health and raise of all mankind.c1560Abp.Parker Ps.cxli. 405My rayse of handes: as sacrifice,..let it bee.1626BaconSylva §699In Leaping with Weights..the Hands goe backward before they take their Raise.3.A rising passage or road; spec.in Mining, a sloping shaft excavated from the lower end.Cf.risen.10 b.1877RaymondStatist.Mines & Mining 197We are..engaged in running a raise up from west drift on eighth level.1887Hall CaineDeemster xxxiii. 222Sometimes at the top of a long raise they stopped to breathe the horse.1898S. J. TruscottWitwatersrand Goldfields xiii. 293It being usual in that mine for the man who is driving the levels with machines to come back and put up the raises.1930Economist 26 Apr. 951/2The work done by means of drives, winzes, raises and incline shafts to open up new ground.1973L. J. ThomasIntrod.Mining vi. 167Most raises are in the orebody and follow the footwall in grade in narrower stopes.4.to make a raise=raise v.¹ 27. U.S.1837NealCharcoal Sketches (Bartlett),I made a raise of a horse and saw, after being a wood-piler's apprentice for a while.1845J. J. HooperSome Adventures Simon Suggs iv. 48The chances were altogether favourable for making a ‘raise’.1878J. H. BeadleWestern Wilds ii. 41At last I made a little raise..and concluded to come home.1900S. HandsakerPioneer Life (1908) 35The two brothers ‘made quite a raise’ in the California mines soon after their discovery.1914‘High Jinks, Jr.’Choice Slang 15Make a raise, to secure a loan.5. a.An increase in amount. Also, an increase in the price, rate, or value of a thing.Cf.risen.16 a.1728MarylandHist.Mag.(1923) XVIII. 335You wil certainly find Crops short this year..which I hope may contribute to the Raise of that on hand.1883‘Mark Twain’Life on Mississippi xxxix. 366France and Italy..cracked on such a rattling impost that cotton-seed olive-oil couldn't stand the raise.1891A. WelckerWild West 21By continued raises, Potlatch had everything which he possessed..at stake.1894Wilkins & VivianGreen bay tree I. 108Pimlico had obtained a raise of the limit to {pstlg}20.1904[see jack v.¹ 1 b].1931W. G. McAdooCrowdedYrs.xxx. 469A gigantic raise in[freight]rates would have added materially to the inflation.b.An increase of a stake or bet at poker; in Bridge, a higher bid in the same denomination as a previous bid by one's partner.1821Hoyle's Games Improved 164The player who last goes the double, raise, or brag, has the right, in his turn, of increasing either.1887‘S. Cumberland’Queen's Highway vi. 277You feel certain that every ‘raise’ he makes will be his last.1887J. W. KellerDraw Poker 11Limit, a condition made at the beginning of the game limiting the amount of any single bet or raise.1921C. E. MulfordBar-20 Three vii. 86He had a reputation to maintain, and he saw the raise and returned it.1923[see pre-emptive a. 2].1929[see good a. 22 j].1959[see limitn.2 g (b)].1964OfficialEncycl.Bridge 192/2A raise to two spades would be appropriate when one spade has been overcalled by two hearts.1976Scott & KoskiWalk-In (1977) xxxii. 236They were making another raise in that poker game, they were threatening to break off diplomatic relations.c.An increase in wages or salary.Cf.risen.15 b. Chiefly U.S.1898Scribner'sMag.Oct. 489/1A. J. Packer..had begun to ponder doubts of his wisdom in agreeing to the second ‘raise’.1902G. H. LorimerLett.Merchant xiii. 187,I earmarked Charlie for a raise and a better job right there.1921H. L. MenckenAmer.Lang.(1922) iv. 131When her wages are increased she does not get a raise, but a rise.1934T. WilderHeaven's my Destination 28,I keep getting raises all the time.1956S. ErtzCharmed Circle xiii. 217She could go on working. She had lately had a raise.1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 37/1‘Stay in shape and I'll give you a raise next season,’ advised coach George Imlach.1971C. FickDanziger Transcript (1973) 25My bureau..were delighted that I got to Cambodia... I got a raise..when I went back to Cuba.1977Time 10 Jan. 46/2Workers strike like clockwork to protest high prices, and nearly always win raises from management.Restrict Obs.to sense 2 a and add:[2.]b.Weightlifting. An act of lifting or raising a part of the body while holding a weight. Usu. with defining word.1925Health & Strength 14 Feb. 104/3The ‘Abdominal Raise’..is performed by, first of all, adopting the prone position.1936W. A. PullumWeight-Lifting Made Easy (rev.ed.) iv. 48 (heading)Lateral Raise—Lying.1956Muscle Power June 42/2He then..performs the side lateral raise, lifting the weights off to the sides instead of to the front.1985Bodypower June 5At the top of each rep Gladys contracted the calf muscle fully, just as she did for the standing raises.1987Muscle & Fitness Oct. 57/1For bent-over raises, I do six sets of six to eight reps with 60–pound dumbbells.▪ II.raise,n.² north.dial.|reɪz|[a.ON.hreysi (Norw.röys, rös,Sw.röse), cairn.]A pile of stones, a cairn. (Freq. in place-names in Cumbria.)1695KennettPar.Antiq.(1818) I. 50Such risings as are caused by the burial of the dead; which in the northern parts are called raises.1794–8HutchinsonHist.Cumbld.(Halliwell),There are yet some considerable remains of stones which still go by the name of raises.1869A. C. GibsonFolkSp.Cumbld.7Dunmail Raise is t' biggest cairn i' t' country.▪ III.†raise,n.³Obs.(See reise.)▪ IV.raise,v.¹|reɪz|Forms: α. 3 reisen, reȝȝsenn, 4 reys(en, 5 -yn, 4–6 reise, reyse, 5 rese, reze, 6 reyze, rease; β. 4 raisin, 4–6 rays, 4–8 rayse, 4–7 rais, 8 raize, 4– raise; γ. 4 rase(n, 4–6 ras, 8 raze.[a.ON.reisa (used in most of the main senses of theEng.word;Sw.resa,Da.rejse)=Goth.(ur)raisjan,OE.rǽran (:—*raizjan), causativef.rais- ablaut-variant of *rī̆s- to rise.First prominent in the Ormulum, in which it occurs freely in various senses. In the Wyclif Bible, up to the end of Jeremiah, the earlier version regularly has rear, while the later has raise; but from Ezekiel onwards raise appears in both versions. From an early period the word has been extensively used in a great variety of senses, the exact development of which is not always perfectly clear. The main senses (here distinguished by Roman numerals) are distinct enough in themselves, but tend to pass into each other in transferred uses, while with certain objects more than one idea may be present. The addition of up to strengthen the verb is less common now than formerly.]I.To set upright; to make to stand up.1. a.trans.To set (a thing) on end; to lift up one end or side of (a post, stone, etc.) so as to bring into or towards a vertical position; to restore (a fallen thing) to its usual position.Occasionally with suggestion of sense 8 or 17.a1240Wohunge in Cott.Hom.283A, nu raise þai up þe rode.a1350inHorstm.Altengl.Leg.(1881) 170/527Þe Emperoure..Gert þir wheles be smertly graid & on þe thrid day þam rayse.1388WyclifJer.li. 12Reise ȝe a signe on the wallis of Babiloyne.1500–20DunbarPoems xxxviii. 4The signe trivmphall rasit is of the croce.1530Palsgr.684/1Reyse this speare and set it agaynst the wall.1592Shakes.Rom.& Jul. v. iii. 299,I will raise her Statue in pure Gold.1791Mrs. RadcliffeRom.Forest ii,La Motte and Peter endeavoured to raise the carriage.1813ScottTrierm. i. vii,Stones of power By Druids raised in magic hour.1847R. & J. A. BrandonAnal.GothicArchit.(1860) 99It[a door]consists of battens slightly raised towards the centre.b.fig.To set up, establish, restore, etc.c1200Ormin 5327To swelltenn bliþeliȝ Forr Crisstenndom to reȝȝsenn.Ibid.5685To reȝȝsenn rihhtwisnesse.1388WyclifRuth iv. 5Thou owist to take..the wijf of the deed man, that thou reise the name of thi kynesman in his eritage.1535CoverdaleEcclus.xxxvi. 15Geue wytnes vnto thy creature..and rayse vp the prophecies that haue bene shewed in thy name.1559Abp.Hethe Sp.in Strype Ann.Ref.(1824) I. ii.App.vi. 400We..are muche..inclined to rayse uppe the errors and sects of ancyent and condemned heretickes.1654GaytonPleas. Notes iv. xx. 268He undertook to raise up the almost-perished name of Chivalry.c.spec.To set up (paste, crust) without the support of a dish.1594Good Huswifes Handmaide 17To make Paste and to raise Coffins.1681W. Mountagu inBuccleuchMSS.(Hist.MSS.Comm.) I. 335Tom Cooke can neither tie brawn nor raise past[e].1712SteeleSpect.No.306 ⁋8Miss Liddy can dance a Jig, raise Paste.a1756Mrs. HeywoodNew Present (1771) 187Make the flour and butter into a pretty stiff paste..then raise it for the pastry.1845E. ActonMod.Cookery xvi, 346The paste must be sufficiently stiff to retain its form perfectly after it is raised.2. a.To lift (a person or animal) and place in a standing posture; to assist (one) to rise from the ground, etc. (Freq. in fig.context.)c1220Bestiary 671Mitte helpe of hem alle ðis elp he reisen on stalle.Ibid.676Ðus fel Adam..Moyses wulde him reisen.a1300Cursor M. 19792 (Edin.)To saint petir sco raȝt hir hande, ande he hir raisid for to stande.1382WyclifAmos v. 2She is cast doun in to hir erthe, ther is not that shal reyse hir.1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. vi. 54,I felle to the ground, but full soone myn Aungell reysed me and sette me on my fete.1530Palsgr.683/2If you fall you shall nat be reysed for me.1611Bible2Sam.xii. 17The Elders of his house..went to him, to raise him vp from the earth.1667MiltonP.L. viii. 258Rais'd By quick instinctive motion up I sprung..and upright Stood on my feet.1749FieldingTom Jones vii. xii,[They]had raised up the body of Jones, but..again let him fall.1841LaneArab.Nts. I. 113Therefore, liberate them, and come, and take my hand, and raise me.b.refl.=To rise, get up.c1200Ormin 504Whillc lott himm shollde reȝȝsenn To cumenn inntill Ȝerrsalæm.1603Shakes.Meas.for M. v. i. 231Let me in safety raise me from my knees.1630PrynneAnti-Armin. 119We..haue all a vniuersal strength..to raise our selues being fallen.[1715PopeIliad ii. 127The king of kings his awful figure raised.]18..HoggField of WaterlooPoet.Wks.1838–40 II. 161Our soldier raised him from the sod, And..leaned upon his bloody wrist.3. a.To restore (a dead person or animal) to life.Orig.implying the lifting up of the dead, or enabling them to rise to their feet, butfreq.also including the idea of bringing up out of the grave, and thus associated with sense 17. Also with again=resurrect.a1300Cursor M. 9156Helias..was þe first,..þat ded man raisd in form dais.a1350inHorstm.Altengl.Leg.(1881) 38/343Þe moder him prayd to rays hir sun.c1420Prymer 69Lord, þat reisidist stynkynge lazer from his graue.1566–7L. WagerMarie Magd. (1902),At Naim a dead chylde agayne he did rayse.1667MiltonP.L. iii. 296SoMan..Shall..dying rise, and rising with him raise His Brethren.a1770JortinSerm.(1771) I. ii. 27God was able to raise him from the dead.1850TennysonInMem.xxxi,Behold a man raised up by Christ!b.So with body, bones, etc. asobj.a1300Cursor M. 194O lazar ded..Iesus raised his licam.1610Beaum.&Fl.Maid'sTrag.iv. i,They must restore him flesh again, and life, And raise his dry bones to revenge this scandal.c.Hence, to raise from death, to life.Cf.19.a1300Cursor M. 22374Quen þai ha lien tua dais, Til liif vr lauerd sal þam rais.a1340HampolePsalter xvi. 14Take out my saule fra þe wicked deuel, raisand me fra ded.c1375Sc.Leg.Saints viii. (Philip) 52Fra ded to lyfe..he raysit þame.1530Palsgr.683/2Christ dyd rayse Lazar from deth to lyfe.1885CatholicDict.(ed.3) 584/1If he had raised their dead bodies to life.4.To cause (a person or animal) to rise or stand up:a.To rouse from sleep; to make (one) waken up or get out of bed. ? Obs.c1200Ormin 5843O þe þridde daȝȝ itt iss Waccnedd off slæp & reȝȝsedd.1382WyclifJohn xi. 11Lazarus..slepith, but I go for to reyse him fro slepe.a1400–50Alexander 5174Þe duke..Fand him slowmand on slepe & sleely him rayses.1530Palsgr.683/2,I reyse one out of his bedde. Je le fays leuer. By my fayth, if you wyll nat ryse I wyl rayse you.1573TusserHusb.(1878) 17To raise[v.r. rise]betimes the lubberlie..Hob and Margerie.1653H. MoreAntid. Ath. iii. ix. §2 Schol.,Then he would raise his Amanuensis to write down his dictates.1731Derby inPhil.Trans.XLI. 229The Houses of all the Town were so shock'd, as to raise the Inhabitants.1781J. MooreViewSoc.It.(1790) I. i. 16Raising the people at midnight.b.To rouse (a beast or bird) from a lair, retreat, or covert.14..Kyng & Hermyt 216 inHazl.E.P.P. I. 21A dere we reysed in that stonds, and gave chase.1484CaxtonFables of Poge iv,They be dogges whiche are good for to serche and fynde partryches & quaylles. And whan they haue reysed them, my sperehawke taketh them.15..Tayis Bank (Bann.MS.) 25Raising the birdis fra thair rest.1607TopsellFour-f. Beasts (1658) 31This being effected, they raise the Bear.Ibid.122These are taught by falconers to retrive and raise partridges.1721Bailey,To spring (in Fowling), to raise a Partridge or Pheasant.1874J. W. LongAmer.Wild-Fowl Shooting ix. 157Watch this old fool of a duck coming, and see me ‘raise her’.1976Globe & Mail (Toronto) 21 Jan. 36/1A jack rabbit was loping his way. It was only 250 yards from where he first raised it.c.To cause or compel (a person) to rise from a seat. (Cf.31.)c1460TowneleyMyst.xiii. 302So farys A huswyff..To be rasyd thus betwene.1542UdallErasm. Apoph. 111He..that reaseth one sittyng on his taill, to arise out of his place.1590Shakes.Com.Err. iv. iv. 36,I am wak'd with it when I sleepe, rais'd with it when I sit.1785BurnsDeath & Dr. Hornbook xxxi,The auld kirk-hammer strak the bell..Which rais'd us baith.1824ScottSt.Ronan's vii,When he wan to the lee-side of a bowl of punch there was nae raising him.5. a.To rouse or stir up (a number of persons, a district, etc.) for the purpose of common action,esp.for attack or defence.c1374ChaucerTroylus v. 1471To sle þis bor was al þe contree reysed.c1480Three 15thCent.Chron.(Camden) 76The quene reysed all the northe and all oþer pepull by the wey.1510Virgilius in Thoms ProseRom.(1858) II. 23And forthewith he caused his kynsfolke to reyse theyr people.1674Cottontr.Montluc'sComm.363,I then dispatcht away Captain M..giving him order..to raise all the people of the Valleys and Villages.1725De FoeVoy.round World (1840) 157The mother crying and raising her neighbours.1849MacaulayHist.Eng.v. I. 544Danvers undertook to raise the City.b.Const. against, upon.1382WyclifAmos vi. 2Loo! Y shal reyse a folc vpon ȝou..and it shal to gydre breke ȝou.―Ezek.xxiii. 22,Y schal reyse alle thi loueris aȝens thee.1608Yorksh.Trag.i. vii,It shall be my charge To raise the town upon him.1854TennysonGeraint 457He..Raised my own town against me in the night.1882FloyerUnexpl. Baluchistan 190The whole country was raised upon him.c.To stir up, incite, instigate (one or more persons) to do something or to some feeling.1581J. BellHaddon'sAnsw.Osor. 106 b,To rayse up all men in every place, to the dewe feare of Gods law.1667MiltonP.L. i. 99That fixt mind And high disdain..That with the mightiest rais'd me to contend.1711FingallMSS.in 10thRep.Hist.MSS.Comm.App.V. 127This suggestion raysed the Prince on a resolution to undertake the Irish expedition.1814ByronLara ii. viii,A word's enough to raise mankind to kill.d.To excite, agitate, provoke, rouse to excitement or anger. Chiefly Sc.Also raised-like.1768RossHelenore 17Up there came twa shepherds..Rais'd like.Ibid.39She ran aff as rais'd as onie deer.1786BurnsTo Auld Mare ii,He should been tight that daur't to raize thee, Ance in a day.1828ScottF.M. Perth xxxvi,His countenance was wild, haggard, and highly excited, or, as the Scottish phrase expresses it, much raised.1889‘R. Boldrewood’Robbery under Arms vii,When she was a little raised-like you'd see a pink flush come on her cheeks.6. a.To rouse up, to give or add vigour to (the mind, spirit, etc.); to animate, stimulate.In later use associated with the ideas of elevating (the heart, spirit, etc.) and increasing (courage, etc.).1388WyclifEzra i. 5Ech man whos spirit God reiside[L. suscitavit]for to stie to bilde temple of the Lord.1470–85MaloryArthur ii. ii,Balen..sawe this aduenture werof hit reysed his herte.1508Fisher7 Penit.Ps.Wks.(1876) 39The prophete..wyllynge to excyte and reyse vp the myndes of synners.1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 231,I will speik planelie, to rais ȝour hartis quiklie.1641HindeJ. Bruen xlvi. 146Much after this manner did this faithful Servant of Christ raise up his thoughts and quicken his soule.1719De FoeCrusoe i. xvi,His spirits being a little raised with the dram I had given him, he was very cheerful.1728PopeDunc. ii. 223To move, to raise, to ravish ev'ry heart, With Shakespear's nature or with Jonson'sart.1839ThirlwallGreece xxii. III. 251The immediate effect was to raise the spirit of the Athenians.†b.To encourage, inspire (a person) with courage, confidence, hope, etc. Obs.1533BellendenLivy iii. xxi,The horsmen..rasit þare futemen with new curage.1652Needhamtr.Selden's MareCl.Ep.Ded.12,I am raised with more than ordinary confidence, that the same Spirit of Justice will carrie you on.1697DrydenVirg.Georg. iv. 555Rais'd with so blest an Omen, she begun, With Words like these, to chear her drooping Son.7.to raise the wind: to cause the wind to blow; hence fig.(with ref. to wind as a motive power), to procure money or necessary means.a1350inHorstm.Altengl.Leg.(1881) 33/421Þan deuils..raysed þe wynd with weders wik.a1515Droichis Part of Play in Dunbar's Poems (1893) 316At Norway coist scho raisit the wynd.1880T. A. SpaldingEliz.Demonol. 113Charged..with having raised the wind.fig.1789LoitererNo.42. 10He..never offered to pay earnest. I suppose, poor fellow, he could not raise the Wind.1857TrollopeThree Clerks xxxiv,He came to me this morning to raise the wind.1885Manch.Even.News 23 June 2/2A large number of people still rush to such methods of raising the wind.II.To build up, construct, create, produce, etc.8. a.To lift up and put in position the parts of (a structure); to construct by piling up, building, or fitting together; spec.in U.S.to set up the wooden framework of (a house or other building).c1200Ormin 15591Unnbindeþþ all þiss temmple, & icc Itt i þre daȝhess reȝȝse.c1330R. BrunneChron.Wace (Rolls) 6059Engyns dide þe Bretons reyse, & mangenels.c1386ChaucerSompn. T. 394Many a Muscle and many an oystre..Hath been oure foode, our cloystre for to reyse.1458MS.Christ'sHosp., Abingdon in Turner Dom.Archit.III. 42They reysid up the archeys be gemeotre in rysyng.1579GossonSch.Abuse (Arb.) 37The Carpenter rayseth not his frame without tooles.c1615Sir W. MureMisc.Poems ix. 9So shall my Muse rich trophes rayse.1657inEssexInst.Hist.Coll.(1865) VII. 40/1The said John norman is..to be paid in corne & cattell the one halfe att or before the house be raised.1697DrydenVirg.Georg. iii. 19Of Parian Stone a Temple will I raise.1712S. SewallDiary 15 July (1879) II. 355,I, and Mr. Gerrish went to Hog-Island and saw the Barn Rais'd.1735B. LyndeDiary (1880) 144Mr. Fisk's people..raised a new meeting house.1779J. MooreViewSoc.Fr.(1789) I. xl. 342Encouraging them to raise magnificent churches.1846Knickerbocker XXVIII. 338After the usual amount of eating, drinking, swearing, and joking, the house..was raised and covered in.1874GreenShortHist.iii. §4. 129In the fields to the north the last of the Norman Kings raised his palace.1879Harper'sMag.June 142/1If a man raised a house or barn, the rum flowed freely.1943W. Faulkner inSat.Even.Post 13 Feb. 70/3,I told you we would meet here tomorrow to roof a church... We'll meet here in the morning to raise one.†b.Math.To construct or draw (a figure or line) upon a certain base. Obs.1660BarrowEuclid i. ii,Join AC; upon which raise the equilateral triangle ADC.1706J. WardIntrod.Math.iii. (1734) 294To Erect or Raise a Perpendicular upon the End of any given Right-line.1712J. Jamestr.Le Blond's Gardening 85Raising a Square..is, when, upon a strait Line..you cause another Line to fall..perpendicular.c.To found, build up, make or construct (a scheme, plan, description, etc.). ? Obs.1652J. FrenchYorksh.Spaw ii. 14Neither is it rais'd upon that account of condensation, & rarefaction[etc.].1706J. WardIntrod.Math.v. (1734) 431From hence we may also raise a Theorem for finding the Frustum..of the last Figure.1712AddisonSpect.No.339 ⁋6What a beautiful Description has our Author raised upon that Hint in one of the Prophets.1802JamesMilit.Dict.,To Raise a plan of a fortress.d.To form (a small projection or elevation), to cause (a blister, etc.) to rise or form.1551TurnerHerbal (1568) *iij,Medicines that are hote in the fourth degre, rayse vp bladders.1688HolmeArmoury iii. 14/1Shavings of Leather..of wich a Heel is raised.1712–14PopeRape Lock iv. 68Spoil a grace, Or raise a pimple on a beauteous face.1810HenryElem.Chem.II. 371Acetic acid, thus prepared..raises a blister when applied to the skin.1867SmythSailor's Word-bk.,Raising a Mouse, the process of making a lump on a stay.e.U.S.To form, appoint (a committee). (Perh.orig.in sense 28).1816PickeringVocab.Amer.160A member moves that a committee should be raised..and a committee is accordingly raised.9. a.To bring into existence, to produce, beget (offspring). Now rare.c1200Ormin 9852Drihhtin haffde mahht inoh To reȝȝsenn off þa staness Rihht aþell streon till Habraham.a1300Cursor M. 1199Ur lord had aghteld yete A child to rais of his oxspring.1388WyclifGen.xxxviii. 8Entre thou to the wijf of thi brothir..that thou reise seed to thi brothir.1599Shakes.Hen.V, v. ii. 476Take her, faire Sonne, and from her blood rayse vp Issue to me.1667MiltonP.L. xii. 123God..from him will raise A mightie Nation.1711H. MartynSpect.No.180 ⁋11Will any man think of raising children without any assurance of clothing for their backs?1869FreemanNorm.Conq. (1876) III. xii. 79It was before all things needful that William should raise up sons of his own.b.To produce a supply of (persons of a certain class); to breed (animals).1601R. JohnsonKingd.& Commw. (1603) 89France wanteth shipping..can raise no good Sailers.1632MassingerCity Madam ii. ii,Some innocent country-girl..That could give directions..when to raise up goslings.1798Wordsw.Last of Flock iv,From this one, this single ewe, Full fifty comely sheep I raised.1891E. KinglakeAustralian at Home 154We ‘raise’ our own ministers and judges.10. a.To foster, rear, bring up (a person). Now chiefly U.S., and commonly inpass.with specification of place.1744M. BishopLife &Adv.268The Child..she..says..is the Picture of his Father, and that she would endeavour to raise it for his Sake.1795Fate of Sedley II. ix. 104My dissolution will be made more sweet by dying in the arms of one whom I raised.1817PauldingLett.fr. South (1835) I. 85You know I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the mountains of thenorth.1824A. HodgsonLett.from N.Amer.II. 208One of my young Canadian female companions..was raised, as they say here, in Portsmouth.1837HaliburtonClockm. (1862)Pref.6,I don't know as ever I felt so ugly afore since I was raised.1846J. HallWilderness & War Path 160‘I can't back out,’ said he, ‘I never was raised to it, no how.’1870MarcyBorder Rem. (1872) 117A second lieutenant..was born and ‘raised’ in the wilds of Indiana.1882G. C. EgglestonWreck of Red Bird 3Maum Sally was born and ‘raised’, as she would have said, in ‘Ole Firginny’.1929D. Runyon inHearst's International Oct. 63/1She slips this baby off to her sister in a little town in Spain to raise up.1953Manch.Guardian Weekly 15 Jan. 13/3It[sc. Wenatchee, Wash.]is a pleasant town of sixteen thousand home-loving people, mostly engaged in raising nice children and very good eating apples.1977‘J. Le Carré’Hon. Schoolboy xv. 354The American wife asked Jerry where he was raised and..where his home was.b.To rear or bring up (animals).1767G. WhiteSelborne 9 Sept.,The young of the barn-owl are not easily raised.1859MarcyPrairie Traveler iv. 111Horses which have been raised exclusively upon grass.c.To cause or promote the growth of (plants), to grow (fruit, vegetables, flowers, etc.).1669WorlidgeSyst.Agric.(1681) 99The Alaternus..is raised from Seeds.1719De FoeCrusoe ii. v,I..got into the method of planting and raising my corn.1780CoxeRuss.Disc.7Greens and other vegetables are raised with great facility.1802M. EdgeworthMoral T. (1816) I. viii. 59A rose..raised in a conservatory.1875Encycl.Brit.I. 301/1No notice is taken of either clover or turnips as crops to be raised.d.Said of the soil producing the plants.1720SwiftModern Education,The dung-hill having raised a huge mushroom of short duration, is now spread to enrich other men's lands.1797J. A. GrahamPres.St.Vermont 31The soil is excellent, and raises vast supplies of wheat, Indian corn.e.transf.To produce (manure). rare^—1.1792Trans.Soc.Arts (ed.2) III. 58They[Hogs]would certainly, in a yard properly littered, raise dung enough to manure one acre very amply.11.To cause (a person of specified character) to come into existence or appear:a.of God.1382WyclifZech.xi. 16Y shal reyse a sheperd in erthe.1388―Deut.xviii. 15Thi Lord God schal reise a prophete of thi folk.1568H. CharterisPref.Lyndesay'sWks.(E.E.T.S.) 6*God raisit vp in Ingland, Iohne Uicleif.1611BiblePref.⁋11We acknowledge them to haue been raised vp of God, for the building and furnishing of his Church.1667MiltonP.L. xii. 318Provoking God to raise them enemies.1785BurnsCotter'sSat.Nt. xxi,[Do Thou]still the patriot, and the patriot-bard, In bright succession raise.1883–97CatholicDict.(ed.5) 632/1Great saints are raised up in different ages to renew the fervour of Christians.b.of persons or impersonal agencies.c1717PopeEp.Craggs 11Nor[do thou]wish to lose a Foe these Virtues raise.1765H. WalpoleOtranto i,Her gentleness had never raised her an enemy.1821ShelleyHellas 597The sins of Islam Must raise up a destroyer even now.1881StubbsEarly Plantag. ii. (ed.3) 19In trying to make himself friends he raised up persistent enemies.c.To establish contact with (a person, etc.) by radio or telephone.1929Amer.Speech V. 49Raise, to secure[radio]communication with.1969‘J. Morris’Fever Grass xxii. 208Raise McKay on that[radio]set of yours.1974‘M. Hebden’Pride of Dolphins iii. i. 210She's gone off the air... We can't raise her.1976G. SeymourGlory Boys vii. 87She raised Jimmy, still waiting beside the receiver.1979DailyTel.3 Jan. 1/1A British Airways plane which tried to get into Teheran had to turn back to Kuwait when it could not raise air traffic control.12.To produce, bring into existence or action (various natural phenomena or forces; also fig.).c1375Sc.Leg.Saints xxvi. (Nycholas) 303It a fyre mad alsone Þat broynt þe watir, & lo rasyt.1401Pol.Poems (Rolls) II. 109The sterne stormes that reufulli ȝe reisin.1513Douglasæneis v. xiii. 58Sa maisterfull storme amyd the Libyan see Scho raisit sone.1560J. Daustr.Sleidane'sComm.469These sediciouse persones, which as certen bellouse seke to reyse up flame.1654GaytonPleas. Notes iv. xx. 269The joyfull departure of their suspected guest, rais'd this merry showre in their eyes.1741–2GrayAgrip. 91One..may still With equal power resume that gift, and raise A tempest.1820ScottMonast. i. motto,I will as soon believe..That old Moll White..raised the last night's thunder.1884W. E. NorrisThirlby Hall v,All she can do is to raise a storm in a tea-cup.13. a.To utter (a cry, etc.) with loud voice; to produce (a loud noise) by shouting or otherwise.a1350inHorstm.Altengl.Leg.(1881) 100/261A hidose cry þan raysed þai.c1470HenryWallace v. 40Gret noyis & dyne was rayssit thaim amang.1582Stanyhurstæneis ii. (Arb.) 68,I stoutly emboldned with night shade raysed an howting.1611BibleJob iii. 8Let them curse it..who are ready to raise vp their mourning.1671MiltonSamson 1124,I only with an Oak'n staff will meet thee, And raise such out-cries on thy clatter'd Iron.1748ThomsonCast. Indol. ii. xliv,Th' inferior demons of the place Rais'd rueful shrieks and hideous yells.1808ScottMarm. vi. xxxiv,To tell red Flodden's dismal tale, And raise the universal wail.1845M. PattisonEss.(1889) I. 18The Frank warriors..raised a fierce shout of indignation.b.Hence simply, to utter or produce (a sound).1590SpenserF.Q. i. xi. 7Fayre Goddesse,..to my tunes thy second tenor rayse.1602Shakes.Ham.ii. i. 94He rais'd a sigh, so pittious and profound.1743GarrickLethe i.Wks.1798 I. 5I'll raise music shall dispel their fears.c.To sing; also, to begin to sing, to strike up.1653MiltonPs.vii. 62Then will I Jehovah's praise According to his justice raise.1727–8PopeMem.of P.P. in Swift'sWks.(1751) IV. 230When I raised the psalm, how did my voice quaver for fear!1808ScottMarm. iii.Introd.,I love the license..In sounds now lowly, and now strong, To raise the desultory song.1856OlmstedSlave States 25An old negro,..who raised a hymn, which soon became a confused chant.14.To cause, originate, give rise to, bring about, set going. Used with a variety of objects, as:a.strife, dissension, or other disturbance (among or between persons, in a place, etc.).Cf.16 a.c1380WyclifWks.(1880) 185Þei..reisen debatis & enemytes bitwene weddid men & here wiwes.c1400Cursor M. 27728 (Cott. Galba)Wreth es raysand..missaw, flit, and malisoune.1533GauRicht Vay 17Thayme quhilk rasis discord amangis nichtburs.1560J. Daustr.Sleidane'sComm.4So muche contention is reysed in these oure daies about matters of learnyng.Ibid.13But in case we preferre Charles..what tumultes shall we raise up in Italy.1667MiltonP.L. v. 226Thou hear'st what stir on Earth Satan..Hath raisd in Paradise.1719RamsayRichy & Sandy 58How the ill sp'rit did the first mischief raise.1781CowperTable Talk 317Liberty..Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress.1843MillLogic i. iii. §7There are metaphysicians who have raised a controversy on the point.1875JowettPlato (ed.2) III. 384Do not raise a quarrel..between Thrasymachus and me.b.a report or rumour, slander, etc.a1350inHorstm.Altengl.Leg.(1881) 29/91Þai said he suld a sklaunder rays Of God.1576[see 16 b].1611BibleExod.xxiii. 1Thou shalt not raise a false report.1678,1685[see 16 b].1711AddisonSpect.No.13 ⁋5A groundless Report that has been raised, to a Gentleman's Disadvantage.c.a feeling, idea, etc.c1380WyclifWks.(1880) 40Þat noon euyl suspecion may be reysed of hem.1513Douglasæneis x. xiii. 2Thus awfull Mars..The sorow rasit apon athyr hand.1596Dalrympletr.Leslie'sHist.Scot.x. 385Quhilk rumour in Scotland rayset not lytle invie in ffrance.1600Shakes.A.Y.L. iv. iii. 51If the scorne of your bright eine Haue power to raise such loue in mine.1667MiltonP.L. iv. 806Thence raise..discontented thoughts, Vain hopes, vain aimes, inordinate desires.1729ButlerSerm.Resentm.Wks.1874 II. 94Momentary anger is frequently raised..without any apparent reason.1855PuseyDoctr.RealPres.Note A. 2Opponents have succeeded in raising an almost insurmountable prejudice.d.the expression of some feeling.1654GaytonPleas. Notes iv. vi[i]. 207The publique worship..rais'd a condemning, but selfe-absolving blush into her cheeks.1726–46ThomsonWinter 652The comic muse..raises sly the fair impartial laugh.1781CowperTable Talk 658They raised a smile At folly's cost.1892G. S. LayardC. Keene viii. 176He never fell into the habit of raising a laugh at the expense of individuals.e.an action, process, condition, etc.c1425WyntounCron. viii. xl. 3The Kyng off Frawns set hym to ras And set a sege befor Calays.1560J. Daustr.Sleidane'sComm.28 b,Suche as eyther Reyse up new customes, or extorte that is forboden.1611BiblePref.⁋2They raise vp a tragedie, and wish..the Temple had neuer bene built.1671MiltonSamson 625Thoughts my Tormenters..raise Dire inflammation.1706E. WardWooden WorldDiss.(1708) 86The Rogue..has rais'd such a Funk in the Forecastle.1765A. DicksonTreat.Agric.(ed.2) 145The application of such manures as raise a fermentation.1831–3E. BurtonEccl.Hist.iii. (1845) 54The watchword..was sufficient to raise a ferment from one end of Jerusalem to the other.1876Paton inEncycl.Brit.IV. 688/1The requisite heat for the dyeing operation is raised and maintained.1890KiplingBarrack-Room Ballads (1892) 53Ship me somewheres east of Suez, where the best is like the worst, Where there aren't no Ten Commandments an' a man can raise a thirst.1892Speaker 3 Sept. 278/2The outbreak has raised a demand for restriction[etc.].1930‘Sapper’Finger of Fate 79He grinned and said, ‘We're not all savages, Mrs. Dankerton. Even though there aren't no Ten Commandments, and a man can raise a thirst.’15. a.Law. To draw up, frame (a summons, letter, etc.), institute (an action or suit), establish (a use).1546Reg.Privy CouncilScot.I. 45Raising of new letteres for halding of siclik courtis justiciare.1609SkeneReg.Maj. 109 b,The name of the Judge, at quhais command the summons is raised, and directed.1632inStar Chamber Cases (Camden) 126He..out of one cause ill begunne, raysed 20 severall actions.1752J. LouthianForm of Process (ed.2) 85Criminal Letters, raised at the Instance of D.F. his Majesty's Advocate.1766BlackstoneComm.ii. xx. 330A use could not be raised without a sufficient consideration.1877Act 40 & 41Vict.c. 50 §8Actions relating to questions of heritable right..raised in a Sheriff Court.b.To bring up (a question, point, etc.); to bring or put forward (a difficulty, objection, etc.); to put forward, advance (a claim).1647R. Gentilistr.Malvezzi's Chiefe Events 159In raising difficulties hee makes them easie.1722SteeleConscious Lovers ii. i. (1723) 26This will certainly give me occasion to raise Difficulties.1855MacaulayHist.Eng.xiii. III. 285The question of the union therefore was not raised.Ibid.xv. 602A day was appointed for considering the point raised by Crone.1881StubbsEarly Plantag. iv. (ed.3) 70John the Marshal..raised a claim touching one of the archiepiscopal manors.16.With various constructions:a.To begin, make, institute, direct, etc. against a person or thing.a1300Cursor M. 1071Allas!..A-gain abel he raysed strijf.1513Douglasæneis viii. x. 98Thar most thou behald The weris rasit aganis Romanis bald.1546Reg.Privy CouncilScot.I. 29The summondis raisit be the said Lord againis the said James.1560J. Daustr.Sleidane'sComm.262He..raysed warre against us, and was taken therin.1611BibleActs xiii. 50The Iewes..raised persecution against Paul and Barnabas.1822ScottPirateAdvt.6A variety of sham suits, raised against him by Newgate solicitors.1873Max MüllerSc.Rel.356The objections which have been raised against this view.b.To bring, send, or direct on or upon one.a1300Cursor M. 7949Iuel he sal apon þe rais.1375BarbourBruce vi. 276Fra thai had rasit on him the cry.1388WyclifJer.li. 1Y schal reise on Babiloyne..as a wynd of pestilence.1535CoverdaleAmos v. 9He rayseth destruccion vpon the mightie people.1576Oppress.Orkney & Shetland (1859) 49Gif ane brute be rasit upon thame.1678CudworthIntell.Syst.i. v. 846This was..a meer Slander raised upon Atheists.1685Acct.ExecutionDk.Monmouth 2,I have had a Scandal raised upon me.c.To draw, obtain, derive (one thing) out of or from another. rare.1627DonneSerm.v. (1640) 48Moses third excuse, raised out of a naturall defect.1732PopeEss.Man.ii. 245Heav'n's great view..Virtue's ends from Vanity can raise.1772PriestleyInst.Relig.(1782) I.Pref.12Abstruse speculations..have been raised from every branch of my speculations.III.To remove to a higher position.* To lift up by direct effort.17. a.To lift as a whole, to put or take higher, to elevate. Also, to pull up, hoist (sail, etc.).a1300Cursor M. 22109Þof þou þe rais up intil heven, To hell depe sal þou be driuen.a1350inHorstm.Altengl.Leg.(1881) 88/685Angels..raysed hir vp into þe ayre.1375BarbourBruce xvi. 692Thai rasit salys but abaid.1500–20DunbarPoems lxxii. 71Him all nakit on the tre Thai raisit on loft.1590SpenserF.Q. i. i. 18She..all attonce her beastly body raizd.1593Shakes.2Hen.VI, i. i. 254Then will I raise aloft the Milke-white-Rose.1728PopeDunc. ii. 39Such a bulk as no twelve bards could raise.a1771GrayDante 1The griesly Felon raised His Gore-dyed Lips.1805ScottLast Minstr. ii.Concl.,He raised the silver cup on high.1814―Ld.of Isles ii. xxxii,The train..Embark'd, raised sail, and bore away.1867TrollopeChron.Barset II. liii. 100Should he try to catch her eye, and then raise his hat?1886FroudeOceana 296She could have struck him, and had her arm raised to do it.b.spec.To draw or bring up (water, minerals, etc.) to the surface of the ground.1745PocockeDescr.East II. i. xvi. 61The oxen raise the water by a bucket and rope.1759B. MartinNat.Hist.Eng.I. 65Much Ore has been formerly raised on this Hill.1851Blackw.Mag.Dec. 639The coal raised in 1829 was 37,000 tons.1872R. B. SmythMiningStatist.44,12,656 tons of quartz..raised from depths between 240 and 690 feet.c.In various special uses:(seequots.).1753ChambersCycl.Supp.,Raise is likewise used for placing a horse's head right, and making him carry well, and hindring him to carry low, or to arm himself.1775A. BurnabyTrav.87When the trees are fallen, they..drag them along the snow. It is exceedingly difficult to put them first in motion, which they call raising them.1867SmythSailor's Word-bk.,To raise the metal, to elevate the breech, and depress thereby the muzzle of a gun. To raise tacks and sheets, the Lifting the clues of the courses, previously to bracing round the yards in tacking or wearing.d.To turn (the eyes or look) upwards.1388WyclifPs.cxx. 1,I reiside myn iȝen to the hillis.1599B. JonsonEv. Man out of Hum. ii. iii,Gentle friend be merry, raise your lookes out of your bosome.1703RoweFair Penit. i. i,Wherefore are your Eyes Severely rais'd to Heav'n?1818ShelleyRev.Islam v. xxii,Nor spoke..nor raised his looks to meet The gaze of strangers.1859TennysonVivien 787He raised his eyes and saw The tree.e.Fig.phr., to raise its (ugly) head, to make an (unwelcome) appearance; to present itself as a (troublesome) subject for attention.Cf.rear v.¹ 10 b.1822ScottPeveril II. i. 27The ancient superstition..is raising its head.1930WodehouseVery Good, Jeeves! ix. 230,I am starving on my feet. Well, when I tell you that it's weeks since a beefsteak pudding raised its head in the house, you'll understand what I mean.1966Listener 28 July 141/3The subject of money for the arts raised its head again when New Release..investigated the facts behind the Authors' Society recent publication about the stipends of professional writers.1971WodehouseMuch Obliged, Jeeves xiii. 133The snag which had raised its ugly head was one of formidable—you might say king-size—dimensions.f.Other phrases. to raise one's eyebrow(s): see eyebrow 1 c; to raise the roof: see roofn.1 e (a).18.fig.a.To promote or advance (a person, people, etc.) to a higher rank, office or position; to exalt in dignity or power.c1200Ormin 9611Forr to reȝȝsenn alle þa þatt follȝhenn soþ meocnesse.a1300Cursor M. 22281He sal him rais sua hei on hight, Þat men sal wen þat he es dright.a1350inHorstm.Altengl.Leg.(1881) 42/13In þe kinges hows sethin was he To ofice and to reuerence raysed.c1440GestaRom.lxv. 291 (Harl.MS.)He resede þe poore man fro filthede..to sette him among princis.1559Mirr.Mag.,Dk.Suffolk xvii,How high, how soone, she did me raise.1667MiltonP.L. xii. 162A Son whose worthy deeds Raise him to be the second in that Realme of Pharao.1752YoungBrothers iv. i,They'll say the subtile statesman plann'd this marriage To raise his blood into his master's throne.1810CrabbeBorough iii,Theirs is a gracious bounty, form'd to raise Him whom it aids.1874GreenShortHist.ii. §6. 90Charter after charter..raised the townsmen of boroughs from mere traders..into customary tenants.†b.To promote to some privilege. rare^—1.c1400Apol.Loll. 11As sone as mony is ȝeuen þei reysen þe synnars to þe takyng of þe sacraments.c.To exalt (one's name, state, etc.). rare.a1425Cursor M. 2373 (Trin.)Þere shal þi name reised be And alle þo heires þat comen of þe.1593Shakes.3Hen.VI, iv. i. 68It pleas'd his Maiestie To rayse my State to Title of a Queene.1732PopeEp.Bathurst 202Of qualities deserving praise, More go to ruin fortunes than to raise.1820ScottMonast. xix. motto,Farewell each hope of..raising thy low rank.d.To extol, laud. rare.c1631MiltonArcades 8Fame that her high worth to raise Seem'd erst so lavish.1735PopeProl.Sat.211While Wits and Templars ev'ry sentence raise, And wonder with a foolish face of praise.19.fig.a.To elevate (persons) to a higher moral or mental condition. (In early useperh.from 2.)c1200Ormin 4373He ras o þehhtennde daȝȝ To reȝȝsenn uss off sinne.a1300Cursor M. 18674Iesus him kidd til þaim..vtte o wan-hope for to rais[Trin. MS. hem to reise].a1340HampolePsalterProl.,Þai rays þaim in til contemplatyf lyf.c1560A. ScottPoems (S.T.S.) xxxiv. 149Thir ressonis ar to raiss ȝow Fra crymes vndir coite.1605BaconAdv.Learning ii. xxiv,I cannot but be raised to this persuasion, that[etc.].1758S. HaywardSerm.xvii. 530Oh stupid creatures that are not raised with the description of..his infinite excellencies!1848R. S. WilberforceDoctr.Incarnation v. 95The Incarnation of Christ our Lord has raised us..above the carnal anthropology of the Greeks.1863F. A. KembleResid.in Georgia 14They are doing their best to raise and improve the degraded race.b.To elevate (the thoughts, mind, etc.), to make higher or nobler.c1340Hampole'sWks.(1895) I. 69He..rayses þar thoght abouen all erthly thyng.1590SpenserF.Q. i.Introd.iv,Raise my thoughtes, too humble and too vile.1667MiltonP.L. i. 23What in me is dark Illumine, what is low raise and support.1786BurnsDespondency iii,While praising, and raising His thoughts to Heav'n on high.1871MorleyVoltaire (1886) 2Its great glory was to have raised the moral dignity and self-respect of the many to a level which had hitherto been reached only by a few.c.To elevate (a subject, style, diction).1668DrydenDef.Ess.Poesy Essays 1900 I. 114He does so raise his matter in that prose, as to render it delightful.1712AddisonSpect.No.289 ⁋11Milton has put in practice this method of raising his language.1737Ld.Hervey Memoirs (1848) II. 361His words are well chosen, his diction extremely raised.d.spec.in relation to consciousness: to heighten (sensitivity or awareness).1970K. MillettSexual Politics (1971) i. ii. 38The hope of seeking liberating radical solutions of their own seems too remote for the majority to dare contemplate and remains so until consciousness on the subject is raised.1976Spare Rib Dec. 22/2We're raising consciousness, affecting some concrete issues like age discrimination, putting lousy pay on the agenda too.1977Rolling Stone 7 Apr. 53/3My efforts to raise the consciousness of whites who are so against Indians in the States were bound to be stopped by the FBI sooner or later.20.Phonetics. To articulate (a vowel) with the tongue closer to the roof of the mouth.Cf.raisingvbl.n.1 d.1874H. SweetHist.Eng.Sounds in Trans.Philol.Soc.1874 506To assume that the low-narrow[è]was first widened, and then raised to the mid position, would be to ignore the fundamental laws of short vowel change.1914H. C. WyldShortHist.Eng.vii. 136Old tense ē was raised to[ī]at least by the end of the first third of the sixteenth century.1934C. DaviesEng.Pronunc.5ME ā. Was early fronted and raised to[ɛ̄].1957E. J. DobsonEng.Pronunc.1500–1700 II. 612The view that ME ę̄ tended to be raised to ME ẹ̄ is strongly supported by the parallel case of ME ǭ, which is shown by seventeenth-century evidence and by that of the modern dialects to have been raised to ME ọ̄, ModE[u:].1959A. CampbellOldEng.Gram.122By the tenth century æ̆ of whatever origin had been raised to ē̆ in Kt.[sc. Kentish].1968Chomsky & HalleSound PatternEng.iii. 255The environments where /ī/ and /ū/ are lowered to[ē]and[ō]are distinct from those where /ē/ and /ō/ are raised to[ī]and[ū].** To cause to rise or mount up.21. a.To cause (a spirit) to appear,esp.by means of incantations.a1350inHorstm.Altengl.Leg.(1881) 98/152Experimentes þan ordand he; And raised deuils grete plente.1375BarbourBruce iv. 243The erll Ferrandis moder was Ane nygramansour, & Sathanas Scho rasit.1513Douglasæneis i.Prol.212Like as the spreit of Samuell..Rasit to Kinge Saul was by the Phitones.1583Leg.Bp.St.Androis 296 in Satir. Poems Reform. 362Reasing the devill with invocationes.1671MiltonP.R. iv. 430Grisly Spectres, which the Fiend had rais'd.c1725RamsayTo Malloch viii,He that could in tender strains Raise Margaret's plaining shade.1785BurnsAddr.to Deil xiv,Masons' mystic word an' grip, In storms an' tempests raise you up.1826DisraeliViv. Grey iii. ii,Then the magician..raised the once-laid ghost of Cleveland's ambition.b.to raise the Devil, the mischief: to make a disagreeable disturbance; to create trouble, uproar, or confusion. Also, to raise Cain[Cain² 1 b]; to raise Ned (U.S.slang); to raise hell: see helln.10 n, q; to raise hob: see hobn.¹ 2 b.[1705VanbrughConfed. v. ii,Sir, give me an Account of my Necklace, or I'll make such a Noise in your House I'll raise the Devil in't.]1840, etc. to raise Cain[see Cain² 1 b].1841LeverC. O'Malley lxiii,He was going to raise the devil.1848J. R. LowellBiglow Papers 1stSer.69Your fact'ry gals..'ll go to work raisin' promiscoous Ned.1852Mrs. StoweUncle Tom's C. xx. 212Topsy would hold a perfect carnival of confusion..in short, as Miss Ophelia phrased it, ‘raising Cain’ generally.c1865‘Mark Twain’Sketches i. Mr. Bloke's Item (1900) 217The head-editor has been in here raising the mischief and tearing his hair.1904J. C. LincolnCap'n Eri ii. 28The boy sort of run loose, as yer might say. Went to school when he had to, and raised Ned when he didn't, near's I can find out.22.To make (the voice) heard. Also fig.1388WyclifPs.xcii. 3The flodis han reisid[L. elevaverunt]her vois.1581SidneyApol.Poetrie (Arb.) 46Who sometimes rayseth vp his voice to the height of the heauens.1697DrydenVirg.Past. vi. 42He rais'd his Voice, and soon a num'rous throng Of tripping Satyrs crowded to the Song.1738GrayPropertius iii. 31The Tyrant Love permit me raise My feeble voice.1849MacaulayHist.Eng.vi. II. 31Many voices were boldly raised in menace and accusation.1868FreemanNorm.Conq. (1876) II. x. 472Not a voice was raised in opposition.1921H. CraneLet.1 Oct. (1965) 65It will be time for me to raise my voice in praise of Anderson soon, as his new book..is on the market.23. a.To cause (dust, vapour, smoke, water, etc.) to ascend or rise; to send or force up, to stir up. See also dustn.¹ 5, sandn.² 7 c.1422HoccleveJonathas 57Sholde y a neewe smoke now vp reyse.1581G. Pettietr.Guazzo's Civ.Conv.i. (1586) 27 b,They doe nothing else but raise a dust.1646Sir T. BrownePseud.Ep.iii. xxii. (1686) 130Camels to make the water sapid do raise the mud with their feet.1686W. Harristr.Lemery's Course Chym. (ed.2) 43Sublime is to raise by Fire any Volatile matter to the top of the Cucurbit or into its Head.1719De FoeCrusoe ii. viii,The wine..raise[d]disagreable fumes from the stomach into the head.1732BerkeleyAlciphr. vii. §3We may perhaps raise a dust and dispute about tenets purely verbal.1807J. BarlowColumb. i. 34The drizzly fogs from dull Pisuerga raised.1891T. HardyTess i,And where do we raise our smoke... I mean, where do we D'Urbervilles live?†b.To render (tin) volatile. Obs.rare^—1.1686W. Harristr.Lemery's Course Chym. (ed.2) 96To Sublime Tinn is to raise and Volatilize it by means of a Volatile Salt.24.Naut.a.To come in sight of (another ship, land, a whale, etc.).1556W. Towrson in HakluytVoy.(1589) 98At 11. of the clocke wee raysed the Isle of Madera.1633T. JamesVoy.28We hull'd off, North North-east, but still raised land.1634Sir T. HerbertTrav.12The last of June we raised the Antarticke Pole.1775RomansHist.FloridaApp.61,I would not come nearer than just to raise the land.1851H. MelvilleMoby Dick I. xxxv. 259Whosoever of ye raises me a white-headed whale..he shall have this gold ounce.1890CenturyMag.May 516In October 1832, the ship Hector of New Bedford raised a whale and lowered for it.1928BellocChanty of Nona 1Before it was morning he raised Lundy Light.b.To give a higher appearance to (a ship, etc.) by coming nearer.1574BourneRegiment for Sea xiii. (1577) 39In going to the North, you doe rayse the Pole, and lay the Equinoctiall.1700MoxonMath.Dict.46So many Degrees you approach towards it, so much you are said to Raise the Pole.1769FalconerDict.Marine (1776),Hausser un vaisseau, to raise a distant ship by approaching her gradually in chace.1796Nelson 21 Sept. in NicolasDisp. (1845) II. 279,I saw a Spanish Frigate coming..who, when she raised our hull hauled her wind to the eastward.25.To make (a horse) rise in leaping or rearing. ? Obs.1753ChambersCycl.Supp.,Raise, in the manege, is used for working; thus to raise a horse upon corvets, caprioles, and pesades, is to make him work at corvets, caprioles, &c.26.To reach the crest or summit of (a hill, ridge, etc.). U.S.1804J. Ordway in Lewis & OrdwayJrnls.WesternExplor.(1916) 168We raised a Steep bank back of this bottom.1866‘Mark Twain’Lett.from Hawaii (1967) 291We ‘raised’ the summit of the mountain and began to canter along the edge of the crater.1872―Roughing It xli. 287,I ‘raised the hill’ overlooking the town.1934J. R. BarrowsUbet 280Every time I would raise a ridge, I expected to see him; for the signs were fresh.*** To collect by lifting; to levy.27. a.To levy (a tax, etc.); to collect (rents or other charges); hence, to bring together, obtain, procure by means of collecting or in any other way.†Const. on (a person).c1330R. BrunneChron.(1810) 55Þorgh alle his lond þe Kyng his sonde sent, Forto raise þe treuage, þat on þe lond was sette.1389inEng.Gilds (1870) 30It schal ben reysed and gadered be ye alderman and his felas.1463Bury Wills (Camden) 43,I wil the mony ytis reysid and reseyvyd be delyueryd.1511Waterf.Arch.in 10thRep.Hist.MSS.Comm.App.V. 325Noo man..shall reise keiage of noo kaye..except it be buylded as a keay.1546Suppl.of Commons 16What yearelye rentes may be clearlye reased therof.1651HobbesLeviath. ii. xxix. 173The difficulty of raising Mony, for the necessary uses of the Common-wealth.1689J. Mather inAndros Tracts II. 5Impowered to make Laws and raise money on the Kings Subjects.1708J. C.Compleat Collier (1845) 19If no Profit can be raised, I see no reason why any Man should Adventure his Money.1760C. JohnstonChrysal (1822) I. 30,I immediately raised all the money I possibly could.1821ByronJuan iii. xiv,Let not his mode of raising cash seem strange.1838J. W. CarlyleLet.28 Nov. (1903) I. 71We have..raised (as dear Mary used to say) a capital easy chair.1852ThackerayEsmond i. xiv,The correspondence..related to a new loan my lord was raising.1875W. S. GilbertTom Cobb 1,Me so pinched for money till I can hardly raise an egg for breakfast.1948‘N. Shute’No Highway vi. 171,I..told Miss Learoyd to see if she could raise two cups of tea.1973M. WoodhouseBlue Bone xv. 162Would you please see if you can raise us all a drink?1976Daily Mirror 16 July 3/4He..was living on what his wife Susan could raise by selling her furniture and jewellery.b.transf.To obtain, procure (advantage, pleasure, praise, etc.).1633Bp.Hall Hard Texts,N.T.89We cannot hope to raise any advantage to ourselves by our utmost endeavours.1645QuarlesSol. Recant. xii. 79What pleasure shall thy great Creator raise From thy breath-tainted, and unsav'ry praise?1781CowperRetirement 805Content if..I may raise A monitor's, though not a poet's praise.c.Of articles sold: To bring, fetch (a certain price). rare^—1.1791T. NewteTourEng.&Scot.241The few firs..cut for deals raise from eight pence to twelve pence per foot.d.To succeed in producing.1841‘Wildrake’Cracks of Day 184Mango could scarcely raise a gallop.28.To levy, collect, gather, bring together (an army, troops, etc.).In early useperh.to be taken in sense 5.1388WyclifJer.l. 9Y schal reise, and brynge in to Babiloyne the gaderyng togidere of grete folkis.a1400–50Alexander 829Nicholas..Had rasyd vp a rode hoste.1473J. WarkworthChron.(Camden) 7Alle his peple he reysyd were fledde fro hym.1567Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 90Our Quene..Into this Realme did rais ane ryall rout.1596Dalrympletr.Leslie'sHist.Scot.x. 282Raseng an armie thame cruellie he persewis.1643Decl. Commons (Reb.Ireland) 63Lord Barnewall..hath a Commission for a Troupe of horse, and is now gone into Wales to raise them.1759H. WalpoleCorr.(ed.3) III. cccxliv. 324We continue to militate and to raise light troops.1839MarryatM. Violet xxxix,A mob was raised in 1833, and expelled the whole Mormon body.1863H. CoxInstit. iii. ii. 594The Sovereign has the sole power of raising..fleets and armies.**** To remove by, or as by, lifting up.29. a.To put an end to (a siege or blockade) by withdrawing the investing forces.1375BarbourBruce xx. 64Thus maid wes pes..And syne the assegis rasit wair.c1477CaxtonJason 27 b,He hadde not entencion for to disloge him ne to reyse his siege.1560J. Daustr.Sleidane'sComm.83He raised his siege and departed without his purpose.a1671Ld.Fairfax Mem.(1699) 62Our men..put the enemy to a total rout, upon which he raised the siege.1769RobertsonChas.V, xi.Wks.1813 III. 274He gave orders immediately to raise the siege.1835PennyCycl.IV. 531If the blockade shall be found to be raised.b.To remove, rescind (a prohibition, etc.).1887Mind XII. 257The Sorbonne raised the prohibition it had so long laid upon the works of the Grecian philosopher.1893GunterMiss Dividends 141He will be..happy..to raise the injunction, which..has crippled you.30. a.To end (a siege, etc.) by compelling the investing forces to desist or remove.c1489CaxtonSonnes of Aymon vii. 163Gyve me some parte of your men, And I shall goo reyse the sege of Cologne.1523Ld.Berners Froiss. I. cccxxiii. 503They were all determyned to go and reyse vp the siege, and to refresshe and vitayle the castell.1603DraytonHeroic.Ep.vii. 155He is besieg'd, the Siege that came to raise.1800Wellington inGurw.Desp. I. 181,I..have taken from him one place of consequence, and I have raised the siege of another.1811Ibid.VII. 518The enemy are still close to us, but they have made no progress in raising the blockade.1855MacaulayHist.Eng.xvii. IV. 14William had still some faint hope that it might be possible to raise the siege.†b.To cause (the besieger) to abandon a siege.1592W. WyrleyArmorie 39The King of England..Hearing declar'd his friends besieged so..hasts himselfe to go To rease the Duke.1611Cotgr.s.v.Lever,Il leur fit lever le cul à, he raised them, or their siege, from.31.To set in motion (an army or camp).Perh. originally related to 4 c.c1470HenryWallace i. 79His ost he rasd, and come to Werk on Twede.1569T. Stockertr.Diod. Sic. iii. xviii. 135Lysimachus..in a foule and raynie night raysed hys Campe.1640YorkeUnion Hon. Battles 41Edward loth to loose time about one Cities Siege, raiseth his Army and departeth.1684J. PeterSiege Vienna 7The Grand Visier raising His Camp, followed the Christians.1824P. OgdenJrnl.20 Dec. in Publ.Hudson's BayRec.Soc.(1950) XIII. 5The Kootonnies & Flat Heads are likewise here waiting our arrival intending to raise Camp together.1837W. IrvingRockyMts.I. vi. 78On the following morning, just as they were raising their camp, they observed a long line of people pouring down a defile of the mountains.1855A. RossFur Hunters of Far West II. xi. 61The next morning on raising camp, I ordered Martin's horses to be loaded and we set off.IV.To make higher or greater.32. a.To increase in height or bulk; to cause to rise up or swell; to give a higher level to.c1450Lydg.& Burgh Secrees 2670Shuldrys sharpe I mene not reysed with slevys.1485CaxtonChas.Gt.26He had hys nose reysed vpon a roundnes.1513Douglasæneis i. ii. 30The fadir..gaif the power..To meis the flude, or rais with stormes hie.1596RaleighDiscov.Gviana 51All the..riuers which fell into Orenoque were raised with such speed[etc.].1611TourneurAth.Trag.iv. iii,Why could not he ha' suffer'd me to raise The mountaines o' my sin with one as damnable As all the rest?1692RayDissol. World v. (1693) 295That the Mountains do daily diminish..that the Valleys are raised..no man can deny.1720PopeIliad xxiii. 640The Corselet..Whose glitt'ring Margins rais'd with Silver shine.1836Macgillivraytr.Humboldt'sTrav.xx. 290Raising the flesh in alternate bands from the ankle to the top of the thigh.†b.to raise in flesh: to make plump. Obs.1608TopsellSerpents (1658) 797These Tortoises..are given to Horses, for by them they are raised in flesh, and made much fatter.1615LathamFalconry, Words of Art expl. (1633),Raised in flesh, is when a Hawke grows fat, or prospereth in flesh.†c.To make up the height of. Obs.rare.1662GerbierPrinc.24Four of them (together with the Morter thereunto belonging) may raise a Foot.1663―Counsel 56The fittest bigness of a good brick; is..two Inches, a quarter and a half thick, which will raise a foot in the Morter with four bricks.33.In various technical uses:a.To bring up (the nap of cloth) by carding with teazles, etc.; to make a nap on (cloth).1481–90HowardHouseh.Bks.(Roxb.) 320[The]fuller..shall dresse..vij. brode clothes; that is to say reyse, skore them, barbe them.1494Act 11Hen.VII, c. 27They raise up the Cotton of such Fustians.1633J. Anchorantr.Comenius' Gate Latin Unl. §503 marg.,The shear-man..raiseth the nap.1727–41ChambersCycl.s.v.Cloth,The cloth..is..given, all wet, to the carders, to raise the hair, or knap, on the right side, with the thistle, or weed.1797Encycl.Brit.(ed.3) VI. 45/1Teazel..is of singular use in raising the knap upon woollen cloth.1835UrePhilos.Manuf.195The pile is also said to be more perfectly raised.1879Cassell'sTechn.Educ.IV. 343/1Cloth is usually ‘raised’ twice and ‘cropped’ several times.b.To cause (dough, bread) to expand and become light, as by the use of yeast. Also absol.1611BibleHos.vii. 4The baker: who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, vntill it be leauened.1789Trans.Soc.Arts I. 178For fermenting liquors, and raising bread.1845E. ActonMod.Cookery xxiii. 509All light cakes require a rather brisk oven to raise and set them.c.To cause (hides) to increase in thickness.1581LambardeEiren. iv. 164If any tanner have raised with any mixture any hide to bee converted to backes, bend-leather[etc.].1777Macbride inPhil.Trans.LXVIII. 127When you find your hides sufficiently raised, put them directly into the ooze.1852C. MorfitTanning & Currying (1853) 196The skins..have not yet been raised sufficiently to prepare them for tanning.d.To give (metal) a rounded form.1846HoltzapffelTurning I. 398In raising the metals by the hammer[etc.].Ibid.410Thimbles, which are slightly conical are raised at five or six blows.1879Cassell'sTechn.Educ.IV. 299/1Brings down upon them a..globular punch, which domes them up—in technical parlance, ‘raises’ them.34. a.To increase the amount of, to heighten (rent, taxes, prices, etc.). Also Cards (orig.U.S.), to lay a higher stake than (one's opponent); to increase (a stake or bid);freq.absol.and with partner asobj.Hence to raise out, to cause (a player) to withdraw from a game by making the stake too high for him. Also fig.Cf.raisen.¹ 5 b.1500–20DunbarPoems xvii. 13Mailis and gersomes raisit ouir hie.1548ForrestPleas. Poesye 358Too reyse his Rent alas it neadethe not.1596Shakes.Merch.V. iii. v. 26This making of Christians will raise the price of Hogs.1607HeywoodFayre MaydeExch.Wks.1874 II. 28Once already have you prisoned me, To my great charge..And somewhat raisde the debt by that advantage.1700T. Browntr.Du Fresny's Amusem.Ser.&Com.78One side endeavours to raise, and the other to beat down the Market Price.1820J. GiffordCompl.Eng.Lawyer ii. viii. (ed.5) 167Journeymen who refuse to work, in consequence of a combination to raise their wages.1821Hoyle's Games Improved 163After the first three cards are dealt, but before taking in, the eldest hand after seeing his cards, may raise the ante.1864W. B. DickAmer.Hoyle 165When any player makes a bet, it is the privilege of the next player to the left to raise him, or..to deposit in the pool the amount already bet by his adversary, and make a still higher bet.1872‘Mark Twain’Roughing It 332‘I have to pass, I judge.’ ‘How?’ ‘You've raised me out, pard.’1885Manch.Exam.16 May 5/1It is proposed to raise the duty on rye.1890Champlin & BostwickYoung Folks'Cycl.Games & Sports 269/1The third player may stay out, see, or raise the second player.1894MaskelyneSharps & Flats 57You can bet against that particular player, continually raising the stakes, until all the other players are ‘raised out’.1901R. F. FosterPoker 40Twice the amount of the blind is the amount of the ante, unless some player has raised it.1951E. CulbertsonBidding & Play in Duplicate Contract Bridge v. 55In rubber bridge he might take a chance and raise partner to three of the minor suit.1959T. ReeseBridge Player'sDict.142North opens one spade and South..raises to two spades.1965Listener 4 Nov. 735/2The only course open to him therefore is to raise to Four Clubs.1981P. Van Greenaway‘Cassandra’ Bell xv. 183I'll raise you. Any odds you care to name I walk out of here a free man.b.To increase, add to (one's reputation, interest, credit, etc.).1654GaytonPleas. Notes iv. viii. 219The circumforaneous Emperick rais'd his Fame.a1715BurnetOwn Time (1724) I. 474His being thus divested of his Commissions..would raise his interest in the Nation.1849MacaulayHist.Eng.ix. II. 446Promises and services which, if discovered, would not have raised his credit at Whitehall.1871MorleyVoltaire (1886) 3Each did much to raise the measure of worth.c.Math.To increase (a number or quantity) by multiplication into itself.1706J. WardIntrod.Math.ii. ii. §5 (1734) 157To Raise the Binomial Root a + b to the Seventh Power.1798HuttonCourseMath.I. 201To involve or raise Surd Quantities to any Power.1893S. L. LoneyAnal.Trig.22Raise each of these quantities to the pth power.35.To increase the value, price, or rate of. to raise the market: to charge a higher price. Also absol.1535LyndesaySatyre 3186The markit raisit bene sa hie.1596BaconMaxims & UsesCom.Law viii. 33If..the King..doth raise monies, that the weight of silver in the piece now of sixpence should goe for twelve pence.1662PettyTaxes p. xix,The effects of the various species of coins,..as also of raising or embasing them.1751R. PaltockP. Wilkins (1884) II. 279'Tis all one to her..so she can raise but the market by a change.1763FooteMayor of G. ii.Wks.1799 I. 181How comes it about that you have rais'd it a penny a quart?1822ScottPirate ii,Sweyn Erickson had gone too far in raising the market upon Mr. Mertoun (..charging the rock codfish at a penny instead of a halfpenny a-piece).1869‘Mark Twain’Lett.to Publishers (1967) 25,I had a bargain about concluded for the purchase of an interest in a daily paper and when everything seemed to be going smoothly, the owner raised on me.36.To increase the degree, intensity, or force of.a.To make (the voice or its sound) louder; to give a higher pitch to.1638R. Bakertr.Balzac'sLett.(vol. II.) 145An honest man never raiseth the sound of his Voyce, to get advantage of them that speake not so loud.1654GaytonPleas. Notes iv. xvi. 254Raise thy clear notes so high, That labouring birds may die.c1783CowperMutual Forb. 16‘You are so deaf’, the lady cried (And raised her voice..).1886FroudeOceana 84They do not raise the voice at the end of a sentence, as the Americans do.b.To make keener, to intensify (sensations).1697DrydenVirg.Georg. iii. 608These raise their Thirst.1699W. DampierVoy.II. i. 93,I think my appetite was raised by seeing so much food.a1704T. BrownSat.agst.WomanWks.1730 I. 55To raise thy pain, be Strephon ne'er forgot.1813ShelleyQ. Mab viii. 139Lending their power to pleasure and to pain, Yet raising, sharpening, and refining each.c.To brighten (colours), esp.in dyeing.1814Jane AustenLady Susan xxiii. (1879) 253His complexion was raised and he spoke with great emotion.1874CrookesDyeing & Calico-printing 607Steam-greens after printing are frequently brightened, or ‘raised’ as it is technically called.1884Girl's Own Paper 8 Mar. 353The first pigment..when mingled with any other colour raises its tone—that is to say, lightens it.d.To cause (the pulse) to beat faster; to make (a fire) burn up better; to make hotter; etc.1707FloyerPhysic. Pulse-Watch 222Burning heats a part, and raises the Pulse.1715–20PopeIliad ix. 277Meanwhile Patroclus sweats the fire to raise.1758Reidtr.Macquer's Chym. I. 381After you raise the fire in order to melt the mixture.1863TyndallHeat i. 10Raised to incandescence by friction against our atmosphere.V.37.intr.To rise, in various senses. Obs.exc.U.S.1470–85MaloryArthur xx. xxii,Syr Gauwayns hors fete reysed and so the hors and he fyl to the erthe.1490CaxtonEneydos vii. 32The delectable name of hir cyte grewe & reysed in praysing.1654GaytonPleas. Notes iv. xxii. 273Iust as imprison'd windes, when once broke forth, One against the other raiseth.1666OrmondeMSS.in 10thRep.Hist.MSS.Comm.App.v. 12They never raised in rebellion against his Majestie.1702Eng.Theophrast. 240His reputation abroad will raise or sink as his affairs go well or ill at home.1727Philip Quarll (1816) 57The fowl..launched itself into the pond, but raised more easily, which gave him time to take his aim.1761HumeHist.Eng.II. xxix. 145The artisans, finding their profits to raise by the favour of their Customers, increase..their skill.1770C. CarrollLet.5 Sept. in MarylandHist.Mag.(1918) XIII. 61,I am quite indifferent whether Stephenson takes or Refuses the tob[acc]o, as I think the Price will raise again.1785G. WashingtonDiary 22 Sept. (1925) II. 415The Water having raised,..I could form no accurate judgment of the progress.1808in J. H. BeadleUndevel. West (1873) xxi. 410Should the accused person or persons raise up with arms in his or their hands.1819T. Forsyth inMinnesotaHist.Coll.(1880) III. 143As the Mississippi was raising, the current was very strong.1861Trans.IllinoisAgric.Soc.IV. 102The milk sours before the cream all raises.1911H. P. FairchildGreek Immigration toU.S.70About 1,000 houses are vacant in Athens, and yet the prices of rent have raised 15 to 20 percent.38.raising=being raised.1642Royal Commission in BuccleuchMSS.(Hist.MSS.Comm.) I. 527There are now..moneys raising by way of contribution and otherwise.1743T. Jonesibid. 405'Tis said magazines are raising for us at Coblentz.1758Goldsm.Mem.Protestant (1895) I. 225There was raising a new Regiment in his Province.1802H. MartinHelen of Glenross II. 180,I see money is raising in all possible ways—by all possible means.1864TennysonEn. Ard. 175Annie seemed to hear Her own death-scaffold raising.39.intr.Mining. To drive a raise (raisen.¹ 3).1898S. J. TruscottWitwatersrand Goldfields xiii. 294With machine drills it costs slightly more to sink a winze than to raise.1973L. J. ThomasIntrod.Mining i. 9The connections may be made by driving upwards, known as rising or raising, or working downwards, known as winzing.Add:[9.]c.Immunol.To stimulate production of (an antiserum, antibody, or other biologically active substance). Freq.const.against or to the appropriate target cell or substance.1971I. M. RoittEssent.Immunol.i. 7In one experiment, antibodies raised to m-aminobenzene sulphonate were tested for their ability to combine with ortho, meta and para isomers of the hapten and related molecules.Ibid.12Each antiserum raised by immunisation against a given antigen..tends to contain a variety of different antibodies.1978Nature 23 Mar. 355/1Rabbit antiserum was raised against human plasma fibronectin and was also reactive against murine cell surface fibronectin.1983Oxf.Textbk.Med.I. v. 392/1Specific antisera can be raised in rabbits.1987Ibid.(ed.2) I. iv. 53/1A number of B cell differentiation antigens have been found using murine monoclonal antibodies raised against human lymphocytes.▪ V.†raise,v.² Obs.Also 5 Sc.rais, 6 rayse.[var.of rase v.¹; the spelling may be partly due to association withprec.;cf.raisedppl.a.²]1.trans.To tear; to scratch, to cut.In some casesperh.with idea of ‘raising’ or lifting a portion of the surface.c1475Rauf Coilȝear 550,I sall rais thy Ryall array.1590R. HarveyPl. Perc. 6If you strike his face, you can raise no skin, for his forhead is brasse.1601Hakluyttr.Galvano'sDiscov.23They tilled and raised the ground with oxe hornes.1641BestFarm.Bks.(Surtees) 48That hee lay strawe in the barne floore..to prevent the wheeles from breakinge and raysinge the floore.1677Lond.Gaz.No.1223/3[Having]his Skin only raised.2.To erase or raze.1530–1Act 22 Hen VIII, c. 15Excepted always..all raysynge of recordes.1588A. King inCath.Tract. (S.T.S.) 216/16To raise the diett of ane instrument.1601R. JohnsonKingd.& Commw. (1603) 165In the year 1241 they raised[1630 razed]Kiouia the chiefe city of the Rutheni.1645Answ.toPref.130If there had been any such church robberie of raising the recordes.3.To graze, touch.1591SpenserVision Bellay xiv,It seem'd her top the firmament did rayse.▪ VI.raiseobs.pa.tense rise v.